Gender is a grammatical category used primarily to indicate agreement between substantives (nouns, pronouns, adjectives, etc.). In Greek there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The gender of a word does not necessarily correspond to the sex of the person or object to which the word refers.

Number is that aspect of a noun, pronoun, or adjective which indicates whether it is singular (one person or thing), dual (two persons or things), or plural (two or more). The dual form was used primarily in Classical Greek, but also in later writings emulating that style. It is used as a plural when the item mentioned is a group of two only (for example, "eyes", "ears").

Case is that aspect of a noun, pronoun, or adjective which indicates its relationship to the verb and/or other parts of a sentence.

• The nominative case is generally used to indicate the subject of a sentence or a predicate nominative (the object of a linking verb or verb of being).
• The basic function of the genitive case is to describe and define other nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. As such, it functions very much like an adjective.
• The dative case generally indicates the recipient of the action of a verb (known as the indirect object) or the one in whose interest that action is performed.
• The accusative case generally indicates the direct object, the person or thing being acted upon by the subject.
• The vocative case indicates the person or thing being addressed in a sentence.

The degree of an adjective or adverb indicates the extent to which the quality it describes is applicable to the word it modifies. In adverbs these degrees are included in the class.

No degree simply indicates that an object or action possesses a certain quality (for example, "he is wise," or "it takes place quickly").

Comparative degree indicates that an object or action possesses more of this quality than does some other object or action ("he is wiser," or "it takes place more quickly," than something else).

Superlative degree indicates that the object or action possesses this quality to the greatest extent possible ("he is wisest," or "it takes place the most quickly").